{"id":49079,"date":"2023-08-27T10:51:57","date_gmt":"2023-08-27T10:51:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.essaata.com\/?p=49079"},"modified":"2023-08-27T10:51:57","modified_gmt":"2023-08-27T10:51:57","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/?p=49079","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639 &#8220;\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<section id=\"mf-section-0\" class=\"mf-section-0\">\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u00a0<a class=\"new\" title=\"\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/a>\u00a0\u0636\u062f\u00a0<a title=\"\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88\">\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<h2 class=\"section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\"><button class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only indicator mf-button-flush-left\" type=\"button\"><\/button><span id=\".D9.85.D8.B3.D9.8A.D8.B1.D8.AA.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B9.D8.B3.D9.83.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.A9\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\" class=\"mw-headline\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-0\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><a class=\"edit-page mw-ui-icon-flush-right mw-ui-button mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-quiet\" title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" data-section=\"1\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<section id=\"content-collapsible-block-0\" class=\"mf-section-1 collapsible-block collapsible-block-js open-block\">\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062c\u0648\u062c\u062a 1929 \u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 26 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1952 \u0645<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7\">\u0628\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_(%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9)\">\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d<a title=\"\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF\">\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1975 \u0645.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<h2 class=\"section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\"><button class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only indicator mf-button-flush-left\" type=\"button\"><\/button><span id=\".D8.A3.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B9.D8.B3.D9.83.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.A9\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\" class=\"mw-headline\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-1\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><a class=\"edit-page mw-ui-icon-flush-right mw-ui-button mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-quiet\" title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" data-section=\"2\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<section id=\"content-collapsible-block-1\" class=\"mf-section-2 collapsible-block collapsible-block-js open-block\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0627\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84\">\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u00a0<a title=\"\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7\">\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a 8 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1966 \u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a.<sup class=\"reference\"><span title=\"\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2019\">[<a title=\"\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627:\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1\">\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>]<\/span><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1971 \u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1975 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u00a0<a title=\"\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0649<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a 1975 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627) \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a)\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0625\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%8A\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<h2 class=\"section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\"><button class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only indicator mf-button-flush-left\" type=\"button\"><\/button><span id=\".D9.85.D9.82.D8.AA.D9.84.D9.87\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647\" class=\"mw-headline\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-2\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><a class=\"edit-page mw-ui-icon-flush-right mw-ui-button mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-quiet\" title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" data-section=\"3\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<section id=\"content-collapsible-block-2\" class=\"mf-section-3 collapsible-block collapsible-block-js open-block\">\u0635\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 19 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1976 \u0645 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649<a title=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88\">\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f 15 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1976 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641<\/a>\u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0639\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B9\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f.<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<h2 class=\"section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\"><button class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only indicator mf-button-flush-left\" type=\"button\"><\/button><span id=\".D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\" class=\"mw-headline\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-3\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49080\" src=\"http:\/\/www.essaata.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644-2023-08-27T102542.277.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"194\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644-2023-08-27T102542.277.jpeg 194w, https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644-2023-08-27T102542.277-185x183.jpeg 185w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/span><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u0636\u062f\u00a0\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062c\u0648\u062c\u062a 1929 \u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643.[1]\u00a0\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 26 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1952 \u0645[2]\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":49080,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49079"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49079"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49082,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49079\/revisions\/49082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/49080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}