{"id":41340,"date":"2022-06-14T10:10:35","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T10:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.essaata.com\/?p=41340"},"modified":"2022-06-14T10:10:35","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T10:10:35","slug":"%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%ab-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/?p=41340","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

1800\u00a0–\u00a0\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0631\u0647\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

1830\u00a0– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062c\u00a0\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n

1846\u00a0– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01848.<\/p>\n

1900\u00a0–\u00a0\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a\u00a0\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

1920\u00a0– \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u00a0\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636.<\/p>\n

1934\u00a0– \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u00a0\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0633\u062a\u064a\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \/ \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

1940\u00a0-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n

1952\u00a0– \u062a\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a0\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0629\u00a0\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

1962\u00a0– \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

1967\u00a0– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00ab\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631\u00bb \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

1982\u00a0– \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u062d\u0648\u0644\u00a0\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  1800\u00a0–\u00a0\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0631\u0647\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a. 1830\u00a0– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062c\u00a0\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631. 1846\u00a0– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01848. 1900\u00a0–\u00a0\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a\u00a0\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. 1920\u00a0– \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u00a0\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636. 1934\u00a0– \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u00a0\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0633\u062a\u064a\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":41342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41340"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=41340"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41343,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41340\/revisions\/41343"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/41342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=41340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=41340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.essaata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=41340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}